Kariwila-Mmordica charantia Linn

 Scientific name- Momordica charantia Linn.

English name-Bitter gourd

Tamil name- pAgakkai, pakal, paval

Bitter melon grows in tropical as a food and medicine. It's a slender, climbing annual vine with long-stalked leaves and yellow, solitary male and female flowers borne in the leaf axils. The fruit looks like a warty gourd, usually oblong and resembling a small cucumber. The young fruit is emerald green, turning to orange-yellow when ripe. At maturity, the fruit splits into three irregular valves that curl backwards and release numerous reddish-brown or white seeds.. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, taste very bitter.            

The fruits and leaves are used as a vermifuge, and for piles, leprosy and jaundice. The leaves are used in the treatment of colic. The root is an ingredient in aphrodisiacal preparations and used externally for hemorrhoids. The fruit is useful for rheumatism, gout and diseases of the spleen and liver. In large doses it is a drastic purgative and is considered antiabortion.Karavila is also a very effective bauty aids.The leaves are crushed and the juice is massaged into the skull. It encourages the growth of hair. Loss of hair or bald heads are a common  worry for many people

Kohomba-Azadirachat indica

Botanical name-Azadirachta indica A
English name-Neem.
Tamil name-Arulundi

Kohomba (Margosa) is an extremely handsome tree with a larg graceful crown. The leaves crowd at twig ends; ahe flowers are small and about ¾ inch in diameter , they are white and sometimes a very pale shade of violat,and they are sweet scented.

The Margosa tree is used a great deal in indigenous medicine . The powdered bark and fresh leaves are mentioned in the pharmacopoeia of India. According

To the old text on indigenous medicine , the presence of the tree is an insect repellent.

The twigs are used to clean teeth . The fresh of the leaves with solt and bees honey is given for intestinal worms. The juice is prescribed for jaundice and skin diseases. Externally, the leaves are applied for skin diseases as discutient or as an antiseptic. 
They are also used for boils, chronic ulcers, eruption due to small pox, glandular swelling, wound ets.they are used either as poultices , decoction, iiniment or ointment. A piece of cloth ,saturated with the decoction to whuch has been added a little sprits of camphor, is used as a bandage over compound fractures. 

The gum exudes from the stem is a stimulant has a soothing effect on the skin and mucus membranes, and is used in catarrhal diseases and general debility.

The seeds are also used as an insecticide and as a detergent for washing the hair. Their suspension is used as a spray. The astringent and antiseptic virtues of Margosa oil have been experimentally confirmed.

The flowers are dried and are used as a tonic for fever. A very effective food for diabetes is made out of Margosa flower. Kohamba trees were always planted in front of the house. The small that comes from the Nim tree is disinfectant and kills germs. It helps to purify the air. There for planting Kohamba trees where air pollution exists serve a dual purpose as shade trees, and as an anti-pollutantm. 

Wenivael gaeta-Coscinium fenestratum

 Scientific name-  Coscinium  fenestratum

English name- Cailumba wood

Tamil name-Maramanjal, Manjalkodi, Pasamantram, Imalam

The name "Baan vael" seems to be specific to Sinhala.It is woody climber with a smooth bark, young shoots densely and finely yellow-tomentose; leavsimple, alternate, exstipulate, large.This is a highly endangered species with a high commercial demand and hence should be a niche agricultural cash crop for an enterprising farmer.
Its chief use is a remedy against tetanus.It is the stem of this creeper used in Ayurvedic medicine.In Malaria and other fevers it is as valuable remedy as quinine.It is used as an infusion.
It is also used in the treatment of diarrhoea  in both adults and in fants.In jaudice and skin diseases , it is administered , the bitter alkaloid in Weniwal in the treatment of bleeding piles and in cases of excessive menstruation. It is a blood purifier.